Constipation in Adults: The Causes and Solutions

April 23, 2023

Understanding Constipation: Symptoms, Causes, and Risk Factors

Constipation is a common condition that affects millions of people worldwide. It is characterized by infrequent bowel movements, difficulty passing stools, and a feeling of incomplete evacuation. Constipation can cause discomfort, pain, and can lead to more serious health complications if left untreated. In this article, we will discuss the symptoms, causes, and risk factors of constipation in adults.

Symptoms of Constipation

  • Infrequent bowel movements (less than three per week)
  • Difficulty passing stools (straining)
  • Hard, dry stools
  • A feeling of incomplete evacuation
  • Abdominal pain or discomfort
  • Bloating and gas

It’s important to note that these symptoms can vary from person to person and may also be caused by other medical conditions. It is important to consult a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Causes of Constipation

Constipation can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

  • Diet and lifestyle: A diet low in fiber and fluid, as well as a sedentary lifestyle, can lead to constipation.
  • Medications: Certain medications, such as painkillers, antidepressants, and blood pressure medications, can cause constipation as a side effect.
  • Medical conditions: Constipation can be a symptom of underlying medical conditions such as thyroid disorders, diabetes, and depression.
  • Hormonal changes: Hormonal changes during pregnancy or menopause can also cause constipation.
  • Dehydration: Not drinking enough water can lead to dehydration which can cause constipation.
  • Neurological conditions: Certain neurological conditions such as spinal cord injuries and multiple sclerosis can cause constipation.

Risk Factors for Constipation

  • Age: Constipation is more common in older adults.
  • Gender: Women are more likely to experience constipation than men.
  • Pregnancy: Pregnant women are at a higher risk of constipation due to hormonal changes and pressure on the intestinal tract.
  • History of colon surgery: People who have had colon surgery may experience constipation as a side effect.

Constipation is a common condition that can cause discomfort and pain. Understanding the symptoms, causes, and risk factors of constipation is important in preventing and managing the condition. If you are experiencing symptoms of constipation, it is important to consult a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment.

It’s important to note that self-treatment of constipation should be done under the guidance of a healthcare professional. Laxatives, for example, should be used only as a temporary measure and not as a long-term solution. A healthy diet with sufficient fiber and fluid, regular physical activity, and a well-managed chronic condition can help prevent constipation.

The Role of Diet and Lifestyle in Constipation

Constipation is a common condition that can be caused by a variety of factors, including diet and lifestyle. In this article, we will discuss the role of diet and lifestyle in constipation, and how making certain changes can help prevent and manage the condition.

The Role of Fiber in Constipation

Fiber is an important component of a healthy diet and plays a crucial role in maintaining regular bowel movements. Fiber is found in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes, and it helps to soften stools, making them easier to pass. A diet low in fiber can lead to constipation.

How much fiber do we need?

The American Dietetic Association (ADA) recommends adults consume between 20-35 grams of fiber per day. However, the average American diet contains only about 15 grams of fiber per day.

Foods that are high in fiber

  • Whole grains: oatmeal, brown rice, quinoa, whole wheat bread
  • Fruits: apples, berries, oranges, pears
  • Vegetables: broccoli, spinach, sweet potatoes, peas
  • Legumes: lentils, black beans, chickpeas

The Role of Fluid in Constipation

Fluid is also an important component of a healthy diet and is essential for maintaining regular bowel movements. Adequate hydration is necessary for the normal functioning of the intestinal tract, and dehydration can lead to constipation.

How much fluid do we need?

The Institute of Medicine recommends that adult men consume about 3.7 liters (125 ounces) of water per day and adult women consume about 2.7 liters (91 ounces) of water per day. However, this can vary depending on a person’s activity level, climate, and overall health status.

Fluids that are good for hydration

  • Water: plain water, mineral water, sparkling water
  • Tea: green tea, herbal tea
  • Milk and Milk alternatives: cow’s milk, soy milk, almond milk
  • Fruit Juice: cranberry juice, orange juice, apple juice

The Role of Physical Activity in Constipation

Physical activity is also an important component of a healthy lifestyle and can help prevent constipation. Regular exercise can help stimulate the muscles in the intestinal tract, promoting regular bowel movements.

Types of exercise that can help with constipation

  • Aerobic exercise: brisk walking, jogging, cycling
  • Strength training: weightlifting, bodyweight exercises
  • Yoga: yoga poses like downward dog, forward bend, and seated twist

Diet and lifestyle play a crucial role in constipation. A diet low in fiber and fluid and a sedentary lifestyle can lead to constipation. Incorporating fiber-rich foods, staying hydrated, and regular physical activity can help prevent and manage constipation. It is important to speak with a healthcare professional to determine the best plan for you.

Medical Conditions that can cause Constipation

Constipation is a common condition that can be caused by a variety of factors, including underlying medical conditions. In this article, we will discuss some of the medical conditions that can cause constipation, and how they can be treated.

Thyroid disorders

Thyroid disorders, such as hypothyroidism, can cause constipation. The thyroid gland is responsible for regulating metabolism, and an underactive thyroid can slow down the intestinal tract, leading to constipation.

Symptoms of hypothyroidism include:

  • Fatigue
  • Weight gain
  • Cold intolerance
  • Constipation
  • Dry skin
  • Hair loss

Treatment for hypothyroidism includes hormone replacement therapy with levothyroxine.

Diabetes

Diabetes can also cause constipation. High blood sugar levels can damage the nerves and muscles in the intestinal tract, leading to slowed transit time and constipation.

Symptoms of diabetes include:

  • Increased thirst
  • Increased urination
  • Fatigue
  • Blurred vision
  • Slow-healing sores
  • Constipation

Treatment for diabetes includes maintaining blood sugar levels through diet, exercise, and medication.

Depression

Depression is a common mental health condition that can also cause constipation. Depression can cause changes in the body’s hormone levels, leading to slowed transit time and constipation.

Symptoms of depression include:

  • Feelings of sadness or hopelessness
  • Loss of interest in activities
  • Changes in appetite and weight
  • Difficulty sleeping or oversleeping
  • Constipation

Treatment for depression includes therapy, medication, and lifestyle changes.

Other medical conditions

Other medical conditions that can cause constipation include:

  • Neurological conditions such as Parkinson’s disease and multiple sclerosis
  • Gastrointestinal disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease and diverticulitis
  • pelvic floor disorders

It’s important to note that constipation can also be a side effect of certain medications, including painkillers, antidepressants, and blood pressure medications.

Constipation can be caused by a variety of underlying medical conditions, including thyroid disorders, diabetes, and depression. If you are experiencing symptoms of constipation and have a medical condition, it is important to discuss the condition with your healthcare provider to determine the best course of treatment. It is important to get proper diagnosis and treatment for underlying medical conditions to manage constipation effectively.

Diagnosis and Treatment of Constipation

Constipation is a common condition that can be caused by a variety of factors. In this article, we will discuss the diagnosis and treatment options for constipation.

Diagnosis

A healthcare professional will take a patient’s medical history and conduct a physical examination to diagnose constipation. They may also order tests such as a blood test, stool test, or a colonoscopy to rule out any underlying medical conditions.

Treatment

Treatment for constipation depends on the underlying cause. In most cases, lifestyle changes such as increasing fluid and fiber intake, regular physical activity, and avoiding certain foods may help relieve symptoms.

Laxatives

Laxatives are medications that help to soften stools and stimulate bowel movements. They are usually used as a temporary measure and should not be used as a long-term solution. Different types of laxatives include:

  • Bulk-forming laxatives: These laxatives absorb water and bulk up the stools, making them easier to pass. Examples include psyllium and methylcellulose.

  • Osmotic laxatives: These laxatives work by drawing water into the intestines, softening the stools. Examples include lactulose and polyethylene glycol.

  • Stimulant laxatives: These laxatives stimulate the muscles in the intestinal tract to promote bowel movements. Examples include senna and bisacodyl.

Biofeedback therapy

Biofeedback therapy is a treatment option for people with pelvic floor disorders, such as pelvic floor dyssynergia. This therapy uses sensors placed on the skin to measure muscle activity and teach patients how to relax and contract their pelvic floor muscles.

Surgery

In rare cases, surgery may be necessary to treat constipation. Surgery may be recommended for people who have a blockage in their colon or rectum, or for those who have had colon surgery in the past.

Constipation is a common condition that can be treated with lifestyle changes and medication. If you are experiencing symptoms of constipation, it is important to consult a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment. Laxatives should be used only as a temporary measure and not as a long-term solution. A healthy diet with sufficient fiber and fluid, regular physical activity, and well-managed underlying medical conditions can help prevent constipation.

Prevention and Management of Constipation in Adults

Constipation is a common condition that can be prevented and managed through lifestyle changes and regular monitoring of symptoms. In this article, we will discuss the steps that can be taken to prevent and manage constipation in adults.

Diet and Lifestyle Changes

  • Increasing fiber intake: Eating a diet high in fiber can help prevent constipation by promoting regular bowel movements. Foods that are high in fiber include whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and legumes.

  • Staying hydrated: Drinking enough water and other fluids can help prevent constipation by keeping stools soft and regular.

  • Regular physical activity: Regular exercise can help stimulate the muscles in the intestinal tract, promoting regular bowel movements.

  • Managing stress: Stress can affect the intestinal tract and cause constipation. Finding ways to manage stress, such as through yoga, meditation, or therapy, can help prevent constipation.

Monitoring Symptoms

  • Keeping a symptom diary: Keeping track of bowel movements, symptoms of constipation, and other related symptoms can help identify patterns and triggers.

  • Regular check-ins with healthcare professional: Regular check-ins with healthcare professional can help monitor symptoms and make adjustments to treatment as needed.

Medications and Supplements

  • Fiber supplements: Fiber supplements, such as psyllium, can be used to increase fiber intake in cases where it is difficult to get enough fiber through diet alone.

  • Laxatives: Laxatives can be used as a temporary measure to relieve constipation, but should not be used as a long-term solution.

Constipation is a common condition that can be prevented and managed through lifestyle changes, regular monitoring of symptoms, and appropriate treatment. Incorporating fiber-rich foods, staying hydrated, and regular physical activity can help prevent constipation. Managing stress can also help prevent constipation. Regular check-ins with healthcare professional, monitoring symptoms, and taking appropriate medications and supplements can help manage constipation. It is important to speak with a healthcare professional to determine the best plan for you.

Sources & references used in this article: